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fundamental retract

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  • Induced homomorphism (fundamental group) — In mathematics, especially in the area of topology known as algebraic topology, the induced homomorphism is a group homomorphism related to the study of the fundamental group.DefinitionLet X and Y be topological spaces; let x 0 be a point of X… …   Wikipedia

  • PUBLIC AUTHORITY — PUBLIC AUTHORITY, in the context of this article, a term referring to an authoritative body composed of representatives of the public – whether appointed or elected by the latter – and entrusted with the duty and power to arrange various matters… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • MINHAG — (Heb. מִנְהָג; custom, usage ) from the verb to lead. DEFINITION The word is found in the Bible (II Kings 9:2) meaning the driving (of a chariot) but it was taken by the rabbis to refer to usage. As such, it is used in a wide variety of senses.… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Borel-Moore homology — In mathematics, Borel Moore homology or homology with closed support is a homology theory for locally compact spaces. For compact spaces, the Borel Moore homology coincide with the usual singular homology, but for non compact spaces, it usually… …   Wikipedia

  • Homotopy — This article is about topology. For chemistry, see Homotopic groups. The two dashed paths shown above are homotopic relative to their endpoints. The animation represents one possible homotopy. In topology, two continuous functions from one… …   Wikipedia

  • Seifert–van Kampen theorem — In mathematics, the Seifert–van Kampen theorem of algebraic topology, sometimes just called van Kampen s theorem, expresses the structure of the fundamental group of a topological space X, in terms of the fundamental groups of two open, path… …   Wikipedia

  • Climatic Research Unit email controversy — Date 17 November 2009 Location Climatic Research Unit, University of East Anglia Also known as Climategate Inquiries House of Commons Science and Technology Committee (UK)[1] Independent Climate Change Review (UK) International Science Assessment …   Wikipedia

  • RIGHTS, HUMAN — The following article deals with the subject of human rights, their essence and the contents of various fundamental rights as reflected in the sources of Jewish Law. The interpretation of Israel s Basic Laws concerning human rights in accordance… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Germany — /jerr meuh nee/, n. a republic in central Europe: after World War II divided into four zones, British, French, U.S., and Soviet, and in 1949 into East Germany and West Germany; East and West Germany were reunited in 1990. 84,068,216; 137,852 sq.… …   Universalium

  • Diffeomorphism — In mathematics, a diffeomorphism is an isomorphism in the category of smooth manifolds. It is an invertible function that maps one differentiable manifold to another, such that both the function and its inverse are smooth. The image of a… …   Wikipedia

  • Bruno, Giordano — orig. Filippo Bruno born 1548, Nola, near Naples died Feb. 17, 1600, Rome Italian philosopher, astronomer, mathematician, and occultist. He entered a Dominican convent in 1565 and was ordained a priest in 1572. He abandoned the order in 1576… …   Universalium

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